World Mythology Library

The Traditions Behind the Story Worlds

54 cultural traditions — the mythology, the figures, the cosmologies, and the stories that produced each Story World's structural architecture.

ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIAN — Songline (Structural Tradition, engaged with deep respect)

Aboriginal Australian peoples — the many distinct First Nations of Australia, the world's oldest continuous living cultures, each with their own languages, Countries, Law, and Dreaming. Engaged here ONLY as a general structural pattern, never as reproduction of sacred or restricted knowledge.

Geographic Oceania — Australia (many distinct First Nations)

AKAN / ANANSI — Web Pattern

Akan peoples — Ashanti, Fante, Akyem, Akuapem, Kwahu — Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire

Web Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo — coastal and forest zones of West Africa

AMAZONIAN — Shamanic Vision Journey (Structural Tradition, engaged with deep respect)

The many distinct Indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest — sovereign nations with living sacred traditions of healing and vision. Engaged here ONLY as a general structural pattern, never as reproduction or instruction of sacred practice.

Spiral South America — the Amazon rainforest (many distinct nations)

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN — Ma'at Balance

Ancient Egyptian civilization — Nile Valley from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean Delta

Balance Nile River Valley, Egypt — one of the world's longest continuously inhabited civilizations

ANDEAN / INCA — Quipu (Khipu) Knotted-Cord Narrative

The Quechua-speaking Inca and the wider Andean peoples, who used the quipu — an elaborate system of knotted, colored cords — to record numbers, information, and (in ways still being understood) narrative and account.

Web South America — the Andes (Inca / Quechua and wider Andean peoples)

BABYLONIAN — Enuma Elish

Babylonian civilization — Akkadian-speaking, central Mesopotamia

Cyclical Middle East — Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)

BAKONGO — Congo Cosmogram

BaKongo peoples — Kongo, Vili, Yombe, Woyo, Solongo — of the Congo River Basin, spanning the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Angola (Cabinda), and Gabon. The Kingdom of Kongo was one of Central Africa's great states from the 14th century.

Cyclical Central Africa — the Congo River Basin and Atlantic coast

CELTIC — The Spiral

Celtic peoples — the Irish (Gaelic) and Welsh (Brythonic) traditions above all, heirs to a rich mythological and storytelling heritage preserved in the medieval manuscripts.

Spiral Europe — the Celtic lands (Ireland, Wales, and the wider Celtic world)

CHINESE — Tang Dynasty Qǐchéngzhuǎnhé (起承轉合)

Chinese literary tradition — the classical poetics of the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), the golden age of Chinese poetry, and the qǐchéngzhuǎnhé four-part structure that shaped its regulated verse.

Non Conflict East Asia — China (the Tang Dynasty)

CHINESE — Wuxia (武俠) / The Martial World

Chinese literary tradition — the wuxia genre of martial heroes, rooted in classical tales of chivalrous swordsmen (youxia) and the great vernacular novels, and flourishing in modern literature and film.

Multi Trial East Asia — China

CONGO FOREST PEOPLES — The Molimo / Negotiation with the Living World

Mbuti, Baka, Aka, Efé and related forest peoples of the Congo Basin (the Ituri forest and the wider equatorial rainforest of Central Africa).

Negotiation Africa — Central Africa (the Congo Basin rainforest)

DINÉ — Hózhó / Blessingway

Diné (Navajo) people — Diné Bikéyah, the Navajo homeland in the Four Corners region of the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado), within the four sacred mountains.

Balance North America — the American Southwest

DOGON — Creation Cycle

Dogon people — Bandiagara Escarpment, Mali, West Africa

Cyclical Bandiagara Cliffs, Sahel region, Mali — one of the most dramatic landscapes in Africa, cliff dwellings built into vertical sandstone escarpment

EUROPEAN/AMERICAN — Four-Act Structure

The European/American dramatic and narrative tradition — a refinement of the classic linear arc that treats the midpoint as an act break, dividing the long middle into two escalating movements.

Linear European/American (a cultural-origin region within the platform, honored like all others)

EUROPEAN/AMERICAN — Seven-Point Structure

The European/American storytelling-craft tradition — a modern structural framework that plots a story through seven key points, designed from the ending backward, with the resolution as the mirror-opposite of the hook.

Linear European/American (a cultural-origin region within the platform, honored like all others)

EUROPEAN/AMERICAN — The Hero's Journey

The European/American comparative-mythology and craft tradition — the "monomyth" articulated in the 20th century from the study of world mythologies, and widely adopted in Western storytelling craft.

Linear European/American (a cultural-origin region within the platform, honored like all others)

EUROPEAN/AMERICAN — Three-Act Structure

The European/American dramatic and narrative tradition — rooted in classical Greek dramatic theory (Aristotle's Poetics), developed through Western theatre and the novel, and codified in modern screenwriting and craft.

Linear European/American (a cultural-origin region within the platform, honored like all others)

FINNISH KALEVALA — Väinämöinen

Finnish and Karelian peoples — Finno-Ugric tradition

Multi Trial Northern Europe — Finland, Karelia

FOREST PEOPLES — Mbuti / Baka

Mbuti (Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo), Baka (Cameroon, Central African Republic, northern Congo, Gabon), Aka (western Congo Basin), Efé and Twa peoples — the hunter-gatherer forest peoples of the Central African rainforest. Distinct peoples with distinct languages, united by a shared relationship to the forest as living parent.

Spiral Central Africa — the Congo Basin rainforest and Ituri Forest

GUARANÍ — The Land Without Evil

Guaraní peoples — Mbyá, Ava (Ñandeva), Kaiowá, and Paĩ Tavyterã — of Paraguay, southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and Bolivia. A major Indigenous nation of South America with a profound spiritual and poetic tradition.

Geographic South America — the Paraná and Paraguay river basins, the Atlantic forest, and the interior of the southern continent

HAUDENOSAUNEE — Sky Woman / Great Law

Haudenosaunee (the "People of the Longhouse," also known as the Iroquois Confederacy) — the Mohawk (Kanien'kehá:ka), Oneida (Onʌyoteʼá·ka), Onondaga (Onöñda'gega'), Cayuga (Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫ'), Seneca (Onöndowa'ga:'), and later the Tuscarora (Ska:rù:rę') — of what is now upstate New York and the surrounding Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions.

Web North America — Northeastern Woodlands

HINDU EPIC — Mahabharata

Sanskrit literary and religious tradition — attributed to the sage Vyasa, compiled from older oral tradition roughly 400 BCE–400 CE, pan-Indian in reach and influence.

Multi Trial South Asia — the Sanskrit / Vedic / Epic tradition of the Indian subcontinent

INDIAN — Rasa (रस) / The Emotional Architecture of the Natyashastra

The Indian (Sanskrit) dramatic and aesthetic tradition — the theory of rasa articulated in the Natyashastra (the ancient Sanskrit treatise on dramaturgy attributed to Bharata Muni) and developed across Indian poetics, drama, dance, and music.

Balance South Asia — India

JAPANESE — Kishōtenketsu (起承転結)

East Asian literary tradition — originating in classical Chinese poetics (qǐ chéng zhuǎn hé) and developed in Japanese narrative, poetry, and art as kishōtenketsu.

Non Conflict East Asia — Japan (from classical Chinese poetics)

JAPANESE — Ma (間)

Japanese aesthetic and artistic tradition — developed across Noh theatre, ink painting (sumi-e), poetry, garden design, and music, and rooted in Zen and older Japanese sensibility.

Non Conflict East Asia — Japan

JAVANESE — Wayang Kulit

Javanese peoples — the island of Java, Indonesia, in a tradition synthesizing indigenous Javanese cosmology, Hindu-Buddhist epic (the Ramayana and Mahabharata, adapted into Javanese forms), and later Islamic and Sufi elements.

Balance Southeast Asia — Island Southeast Asia (Java, Indonesia)

K'ICHE' MAYA — Creation Cycle (Popol Vuh)

The K'iche' Maya of highland Guatemala, whose sacred book the Popol Vuh preserves the creation cycle; and the broader Maya world.

Cyclical Mesoamerica — the Maya highlands (K'iche' Maya)

KOJIKI / SHINTO — Amaterasu

Yamato Japanese peoples — the Kojiki ("Record of Ancient Matters") compiled in 712 CE by Ō no Yasumaro from older oral tradition, drawing on myths far predating writing in Japan.

Cyclical East Asia — Japan

KOREAN PANSORI — Joseon Performance

Korean peoples — the pansori tradition flowered under the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897), with roots in shamanic (mudang) ritual song, developing especially in the southwestern Jeolla region.

Spiral East Asia — Korea

LAKOTA — Medicine Wheel / Sacred Hoop (Structural Tradition)

The Lakota (part of the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ / Great Sioux Nation) and, more broadly, Plains Indigenous nations for whom the sacred hoop and the four directions carry deep meaning. This library engages the *narrative structure* of the four directions and the hoop at a respectful, general level, honoring that the sacred specifics belong to the living Lakota and other nations.

Cyclical Indigenous Americas — the North American Plains (Lakota and related nations)

MANDÉ / GRIOT — Performance Pattern

Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Bambara, Dyula, Soninke — Mali, Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso

Spiral Sahel and savannah zones of West Africa — the former territories of the Mali Empire (13th–17th century) and its successor states

MANDÉ / SUNDIATA — Epic Cycle

Mandinka, Bambara, Dyula peoples — Mali Empire and successor states

Multi Trial West Africa — the Manden heartland (modern Mali, Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso)

MAYA — Popol Vuh

K'iche' Maya peoples of the Guatemalan highlands, heirs to the broader Classic Maya civilization; the Popol Vuh preserves the sacred narrative of the K'iche', written down in the mid-16th century from far older tradition.

Multi Trial Mesoamerica — the Maya highlands of Guatemala

MELANESIA — Ancestor Presence

Papua New Guinea peoples and Melanesian island peoples — 800+ languages in PNG alone

Web Oceania — Melanesia (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and neighbors)

MIDDLE EASTERN — The Thousand and One Nights (Nested Storytelling)

The Arabic, Persian, Indian, and wider Middle Eastern and South Asian traditions that flowed together into the great compilation of the Thousand and One Nights — a cross-cultural masterwork of nested storytelling.

Web Middle East / North Africa (with Persian and Indian roots)

MĀORI — Whakapapa

Māori — the Indigenous Polynesian people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), organized in iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes), descendants of the Polynesian voyagers who arrived by waka (canoe).

Web Oceania — Aotearoa (New Zealand), Polynesia

NAHUA / MEXICA — Aztec Codex (Amoxtli)

The Mexica (Aztec) and wider Nahua peoples of central Mexico, and the broader Mesoamerican codex tradition (Mixtec and others) — makers of the painted books (amoxtli) that recorded history, calendar, cosmology, and sacred knowledge.

Cyclical Mesoamerica — central Mexico (Nahua/Mexica)

NATIVE AMERICAN — Animal Guide Journey (Structural Tradition)

Native American / Indigenous peoples of North America — a great diversity of distinct nations, each with its own languages, cosmologies, and traditions. This library engages a widely-shared *narrative pattern* (the seeker guided and taught by an animal being) at a respectful, structural level, never as a single monolithic belief.

Cyclical Indigenous Americas — North America (many distinct nations)

NATIVE AMERICAN — Medicine Wheel Story (Circular Narrative, Structural Tradition)

Native American / Indigenous nations of North America (Plains and beyond) for whom the medicine wheel and the four directions carry meaning — a great diversity of distinct, sovereign nations. This library engages the *circular narrative structure* at a respectful, general level, distinct from (and complementary to) the Sacred Hoop library's Lakota directional emphasis: here the focus is the storytelling movement itself through the directions.

Cyclical Indigenous Americas — North America (many distinct nations)

NGUNI — Zulu / Xhosa

Zulu (amaZulu), Xhosa (amaXhosa), Swazi (emaSwati), and Ndebele (amaNdebele) — the Nguni-speaking peoples of KwaZulu-Natal, the Eastern Cape, Eswatini, and surrounding regions of southern Africa.

Multi Trial Southern Africa — KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Eswatini

NILOTIC — Dinka / Nuer / Maasai

Dinka and Nuer of South Sudan, Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania, Acholi of northern Uganda and South Sudan — Nilotic peoples of the East African savannah and the Nile Basin, defined by a profound relationship with cattle.

Spiral East Africa — the Nile Basin, South Sudanese savannah, and the East African Rift grasslands

NORSE — Saga

Norse peoples — the medieval Icelanders and the wider Scandinavian world, heirs to the Viking Age, who preserved the sagas and the Eddic mythology.

Linear Europe — Scandinavia / Iceland (the Norse world)

PHILIPPINE — Bathala / Diwata

Philippine peoples — Tagalog, Visayan (Bisaya), Ilocano, Bikolano, Kapampangan, and many others — of the pre-colonial Philippine archipelago, before and beneath the Spanish colonial and Catholic overlay.

Cyclical Southeast Asia — Island Southeast Asia (the Philippine archipelago)

PLAINS INDIGENOUS — Vision Quest (Structural Tradition, engaged with deep respect)

The Lakota (Očhéthi Šakówiŋ) and other Plains Indigenous nations — sovereign nations with living sacred ceremonies. Engaged here only as a *structural pattern*, never as reproduction of ceremony.

Linear Indigenous Americas — the North American Plains

POLYNESIAN — Navigation / Wayfinding Epic

The Polynesian peoples — Hawaiian, Māori, Tahitian, Samoan, Tongan, and the many peoples of the vast Polynesian triangle — master voyagers who settled the Pacific across immense distances by non-instrument navigation.

Geographic Oceania — the Polynesian Pacific

SAN / KHOISAN — Bushmen Click Stories

San (Bushmen) — !Kung, !Xóõ, Taa, /Xam, ǀXam, Naro — Kalahari Desert peoples of southern Africa

Spiral Kalahari Desert — Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Angola

SLAVIC — The Turning Year

Slavic peoples — the East Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians), West Slavs (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Sorbs), and South Slavs (Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, and others), sharing a common pre-Christian mythological and folkloric heritage.

Cyclical Europe — Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe (the Slavic lands)

SUFI / RUMI — Masnavi

Sufi Islamic mystical tradition — centered on Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi (1207–1273), who lived and taught in Konya (in present-day Turkey), wrote in Persian, and whose followers founded the Mevlevi Order (the "whirling dervishes").

Spiral Middle East — Persian/Iranian cultural world, Anatolia (Konya)

SUMERIAN — Gilgamesh / Inanna

Sumerian civilization — the city-states of Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Nippur, Eridu — of southern Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq), roughly 3000–1750 BCE, and the Akkadian and Babylonian cultures who inherited and transmitted their literature.

Multi Trial Middle East — Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates

TAMIL SANGAM — Akam / Puram

Tamil peoples — Tamilakam (the ancient Tamil country of southern India and Sri Lanka), during the Sangam age (roughly 300 BCE–300 CE), under the Chera, Chola, and Pandya dynasties.

Balance South Asia — Dravidian / South India (Tamilakam)

TAOIST PARABLES — Zhuangzi

Chinese Taoist tradition — Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou, c. 369–286 BCE) and Laozi (traditionally 6th century BCE), of the Warring States period of ancient China.

Non Conflict East Asia — China

UBUNTU / BANTU — Story Circle

Bantu-speaking peoples — Zulu (umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu), Xhosa, Ndebele, Shona (hunhu), Sotho (botho), Tswana, Swazi, Venda, Tsonga — Southern Africa

Web Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Mozambique, Eswatini — the southern Bantu-speaking zone

YORUBA / IFÁ — Orisha Realms

Yoruba peoples — Oyo, Egba, Ijebu, Ile-Ife, Ekiti, Ijesa, Igbomina — southwestern Nigeria and Benin Republic. Diaspora: Cuba (Lucumí/Santería), Brazil (Candomblé), Trinidad, Haiti (Vodou roots), United States.

Web Southwestern Nigeria, Benin Republic, Togo — and globally through the African diaspora

ZAPOTEC — Cloud People

Zapotec peoples — Oaxaca Valley; Monte Albán civilization

Cyclical Mesoamerica — Oaxaca, southern Mexico